V CB = V CE – V BE = 3.55 V – 0.7 V = 2.85 V. Remember that the relation IC = ẞIB is only valid for transistors in the active region and does not work for transistors in saturation. Let’s do another slightly different example to illustrate how a BJT works. Ex 2: Take a gander at the circuit below. Beta is 100.From the output characteristics of a BJT, it is observable that in the active region, the collector current becomes constant or independent of collector emitter voltage. So, in true terms, it is saturation, then why do we call it the active region? Also, we have the equation:- Ic = (Vcc – Vce)/Rc Then, accordingly, with varying Vce, Ic should ...Course: Modern Physics (Essentials) - Class 12th > Unit 5. Lesson 5: Building tiny tiny switches that make up our computers! Input characteristics of NPN transistor. Output characteristics of NPN transistor. Active, saturation, & cutoff state of NPN transistor. Transistor as a voltage amplifier.The saturation region of a BJT (e.g. when turned on as a switch) corresponds to the triode/ohmic region of a MOSFET. Some authors also call the saturation region of a MOSFET the "active mode", which does match the terminology used for BJTs. But they also call the triode/ohmic region the "linear mode" which perhaps doesn't help that much because ...1. Distinguish between, cut off, active, and saturation region operation of a Bipolar Junction Transistor. 2. Draw the input and output characteristics of a junction transistor and explain their nature. 3. List the salient constructional features …0. vce (sat) it means that the voltage of Vce is 0.6 in saturation mode of bjt. if. Ibβ>Ic BJT is in saturation. in active region. Ib = βIc. remove the bjt from the circuit then calculate the voltage across Vbe if Vbe is smaller than 0.7 (or threshold voltage of bjt) the BJT is in cutoff mode. Jun 12, 2007.The active region is also known as saturation region in MOSFETs. However, naming it as saturation region may be misunderstood as the saturation region of BJT. Therefore, throughout this chapter, the name active region is used. The active region is characterized by a constant drain current, controlled by the gate-source voltage.Sep 2, 2019 · SATURATION REGION (FULLY ON) A transistor is said to be saturated (Fully ON) when it is biased in such a way that current passes from the Emitter (E) to the Collector (C). In NPN and PNP bipolar junction transistors (BJTs), connecting the base (B) to the collector (C) makes the PN-junction from the base (B) to the emitter (E) to be forward bias. Example 4.3.1 4.3. 1. Assume we have a BJT operating at VCE = 30 V C E = 30 V and IC = 4 I C = 4 mA. If the device is placed in a curve tracer and the resulting family of curves appears as in Figure 4.3.2 4.3. 2, determine the value of β β. Assume the base current is increased 10 μ μ A per trace.١٦/٠٦/٢٠١٣ ... ... BJTs. A switch consists of a BJT transistor that is alternately driven between the saturation and cutoff regions. A simple version of the ...• The speed of the BJT also drops in saturation. Example: Acceptable VCC Region EE105Spring2008 Lecture4,Slide5Prof.Wu,UC Berkeley • In order to keep BJT at least in soft saturation region, the collector voltage must not fall below the base voltage by more than 400mV. • A linear relationship can be derived for VCC and RC and1. Here's a typical Ic vs Vce diagram showing the saturation region of a BJT. In this case if Ib is set at 20uA and Vce varies between 0 and 2V you can clearly see that Ic will also vary from about 12mA (Vce=2V) to about 8mA @ Vce = 0.5V (very non linear) to 0mA @ Vce = 0V.An unsaturated solution contains less than the maximum soluble material, while a saturated solution contains all of the material that it is able to dissolve in its current state, with excess material remaining undissolved.A bipolar junction transistor, BJT, is a single piece of silicon with two back-to-back P-N junctions.BJTs can be made either as PNP or as NPN. Figure 1: Structures, layers and circuit symbol of NPN transistor. They have three regions and three terminals, emitter, base, and collector represented by E, B, and C respectively.• Bi lBipolar JtiJunction TitTransistor (BJT) (C t’d)(Cont’d) – BJT operation in saturation mode –PNP BJT – Examples of small signal models Reading: Chapter 4.5‐4.6 EE105 Spring 2008 Lecture 4, Slide 1Prof. Wu, UC Berkeley Bipolar Transistor in Saturation EE105 Spring 2008 Lecture 4, Slide 2Prof. Wu, UC BerkeleyYou cannot find it because there is no "Saturation current" in a real BJT. There will be many mode parameters in an Ebers-Moll model which you will be unable to find in a datasheet. Also note that there is no fixed point at which a BJT suddenly enters / goes out of saturation. It's more of a gradual thing. This behavior is not in the Ebers-moll ...Operation in the cutoff, saturation, and linear regions of the BJT characteristic are provided as follows: 1. Linear-region operation: Base–emitter junction ...You cannot find it because there is no "Saturation current" in a real BJT. There will be many mode parameters in an Ebers-Moll model which you will be unable to find in a datasheet. Also note that there is no fixed point at which a BJT suddenly enters / goes out of saturation. It's more of a gradual thing. This behavior is not in the Ebers-moll ...Aug 24, 2021 · The term "Saturation" means exactly the opposite for FETs and BJTs. The flat region is not in saturation for junction transistors. A transistor in saturation would be at the bottom left corner. By "Saturation voltage" they mean the collector to emitter voltage under the given conditions. Usually it is with a forced beta of 10 or 20. The active region is also known as saturation region in MOSFETs. However, naming it as saturation region may be misunderstood as the saturation region of BJT. Therefore, throughout this chapter, the name active region is used. The active region is characterized by a constant drain current, controlled by the gate-source voltage.In cut off region, both emitter to base and base to collector junction is in the reverse bias and no current flows through the transistor. The transistor acts as an open switch. In the saturation region, both the junctions are in forwarding bias, and the transistor acts as a closed switch. In cut off region the output of the transistor VCE, IC ...Additional most BJT's vendors define saturation region when Ic/Ib = 10 (called Forced Beta). And the most data-sheet show Vce_sat for Ic/Ib = 10. So, to be one hundred percent sure that your BJT will be in saturation region you must use this so-called forced beta technique when choosing base resistor value. $$\frac{I_C}{I_B} = 10$$٠١/٠٦/٢٠٢٣ ... ... region which are cut- off region, active region, and saturation region. Figure Q2(a) shows a BJT circuit. (i) Briefly describe the ...Example 4.3.1 4.3. 1. Assume we have a BJT operating at VCE = 30 V C E = 30 V and IC = 4 I C = 4 mA. If the device is placed in a curve tracer and the resulting family of curves appears as in Figure 4.3.2 4.3. 2, determine the value of β β. Assume the base current is increased 10 μ μ A per trace.Jul 6, 2014 · When a bipolar junction transistor (BJT) is used to switch a load (e.g. a relay, an LED, a buzzer, a small motor, etc) ON and OFF, it is most often operated as a "saturated switch". This article explains saturation in BJTs - why it is used, and how to calculate the base resistor to ensure saturation. General circuit arrangement The BJT symbols and their corresponding block diagrams are shown on Figure 1. The BJT is fabricated with three separately doped regions. The npn device has one p region between two n regions and the pnp device has one n region between two p regions. The BJT has two junctions (boundaries between the n and the p regions). These junctionsThe collector current of the BJT starts to increase at a higher collector-emitter voltage, but the slope is more abrupt. The saturation region ends at a specific collector-emitter voltage for any base current, so the length of the saturation region depends only on the model of the transistor.Therefore, a D.C. analysis problem for a BJT operating in the active region reduces to: find one of these values , , B C E ii ori and find one of these values or ( or ) CE ECCB BC V VV V Saturation For the saturation mode, we know all the BJT voltages, but know nothing about BJT currents! Thus, for an analysis of circuit with a BJT in ...A Schottky diode is integrated into the transistor from base to collector. When the collector gets low when it's nearly in saturation, it steals base current which keeps the transistor just at the edge of saturation. The on state voltage will be a little higher since the transistor isn't fully saturated.Most BJT's vendors define saturation region when Ic/Ib = 10 (called Forced Beta).And the most data-sheet show Vce_sat for Ic/Ib = 10 So to be one hundred percent sure that your BJT will be in saturation you must use this so-called forced beta technique when choosing base resistor value.Jul 10, 2020 · So for a BJT to act as an open switch, all you need to do is to make sure that its base-emitter junction is not forward-biased. Now, for a BJT to act as a closed switch, it needs to operate in the saturation region. In figure 8, we’ve assumed that the npn BJT is operating in the saturation region. PNP BJT: Basic Operation NaE NdB VBE < 0 - ++-WE WB WC NaC Consider the action in the base first (VBE < 0 and VCB = 0) • The holes diffuse from the emitter, cross the depletion region, and enter the base • In the base, the holes are the minority carriers • In the base, the holes diffuse towards the collector4.1(b) and 4.1(c). One type consists of two n regions separated by a p region (npn), and the other type consists of two p regions separated by n region (pnp). The term bipolar refers to the use of both holes and electrons as current carriers in the transistor structure. Figure 4.1 Basic BJT construction. [5]Jun 11, 2007 · 0. vce (sat) it means that the voltage of Vce is 0.6 in saturation mode of bjt. if. Ibβ>Ic BJT is in saturation. in active region. Ib = βIc. remove the bjt from the circuit then calculate the voltage across Vbe if Vbe is smaller than 0.7 (or threshold voltage of bjt) the BJT is in cutoff mode. Jun 12, 2007. We would like to show you a description here but the site won't allow us.The Bipolar Junction Transistor (II) Regimes of Operation Outline • Regimes of operation • Large-signal equivalent circuit model • Output characteristics Reading Assignment: Howe and Sodini; Chapter 7, Sections 7.3, 7.4 & 7.5 Announcement: Quiz #2: April 25, 7:30-9:30 PM at Walker. Calculator Required. Open book. Mar 10, 2021 · The yellow region is the "linear", or "ohmic", or "triode" region. In the saturation region, the thick horizontal (well, slightly tilting upwards) straight lines (well, OK, curves) represent the (connected) points in the region of a particular Vgs value. So for example, the curve that the red dot sits represents the points of Vgs = 2.5V. You can observe different regions for the output values, such as the Saturation region, Active region, and cut-off region of the graph, I hope by now you have a clear idea what these regions represent. These are the same corresponding values as we studied earlier in the emitter-collector configuration.81. A transistor goes into saturation when both the base-emitter and base-collector junctions are forward biased, basically. So if the collector voltage drops below the base voltage, and the emitter voltage is below the base voltage, then the transistor is in saturation. Consider this Common Emitter Amplifier circuit.Transistor in saturation region is considered as on state in digital logic. ... Which operating region of BJT enables Emitter-base & Collector-base junctions to ...Jan 26, 2021 · Bjt Explanation Saturation. Yes, this is correct. The electric field of the depletion region (between the two junctions) can accelerate the charge carriers in the same direction as the diffusion current, and this current will be the collector-emitter current. Jan 26, 2021. #1. Oct 1, 2017 · Using the saturation region (or triode region for MOSFETs) can result in very low power consumption when the gate is kept stable in the 1 or 0 state. However, there are logic families that use forward active mode for the output transistors in both 1 and 0 states. For example, ECL (emitter-coupled logic). The benefit of this is that the logic ... Saturation region(포화영역) 포화영역은 트렌지스터의 스위치 기능중 스위치 on일 때를 담당하는 녀석입니다. 비유를 먼저 해보자면 벨브(베이스)를 많이 돌린 상태라면, 벨브를 더이상 아무리 많이 돌려도 수도꼭지(컬렉터)에 나오는 물(전류)의 양은 변화하지 ...it means that the voltage of Vce is 0.6 in saturation mode of bjt. if. Ibβ>Ic BJT is in saturation in active region. Ib = βIc remove the bjt from the circuit ...You can observe different regions for the output values, such as the Saturation region, Active region, and cut-off region of the graph, I hope by now you have a clear idea what these regions represent. These are the same corresponding values as we studied earlier in the emitter-collector configuration.Oct 10, 2023 · Introduction to Bipolar Junction Transistors. The Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) is a device made of three layers of semiconductor material; these layers can be either P-type or N-type. The pins of a BJT are named base, collector, and emitter. Each pin is connected to one of these layers. There are two different types of BJTs known as PNP ... A Bipolar Junction Transistor (also known as a BJT or BJT Transistor) is a three-terminal semiconductor device consisting of two p-n junctions which are able to amplify or magnify a signal. It is a current controlled device. The three terminals of the BJT are the base, the collector and the emitter. A BJT is a type of transistor that uses both ...Example 4.3.1 4.3. 1. Assume we have a BJT operating at VCE = 30 V C E = 30 V and IC = 4 I C = 4 mA. If the device is placed in a curve tracer and the resulting family of curves appears as in Figure 4.3.2 4.3. 2, determine the value of β β. Assume the base current is increased 10 μ μ A per trace.Example 4.3.1 4.3. 1. Assume we have a BJT operating at VCE = 30 V C E = 30 V and IC = 4 I C = 4 mA. If the device is placed in a curve tracer and the resulting family of curves appears as in Figure 4.3.2 4.3. 2, determine the value of β β. Assume the base current is increased 10 μ μ A per trace.١٦/٠٦/٢٠١٣ ... ... BJTs. A switch consists of a BJT transistor that is alternately driven between the saturation and cutoff regions. A simple version of the ...١٦/٠٦/٢٠١٣ ... ... BJTs. A switch consists of a BJT transistor that is alternately driven between the saturation and cutoff regions. A simple version of the ...The transistor can be used as a switch if biased in the saturation and cut-off regions. This allows current to flow (or not) in other parts of a circuit. Because a transistor ’s collector current is proportionally limited by its base current, it can be used as a sort of current-controlled switch. This set of Analog Circuits Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Transistor Bias Configuration”. 1. BJT is biased to _________ a) Work as a switch b) Prevent thermal runaway c) Increase DC collector …Apr 4, 2021 · I got my own rule to put small signal transistors into saturation: set Ib to 1 mA or more. If Ib goes below 1 mA small signal transistors may work in the active region. BC847, 2N4904 are widely used small signal transistors and if they all go into saturation with Ib = 1 mA. BJT power transistors go into saturation with currents bigger than 1 mA. Using the saturation region (or triode region for MOSFETs) can result in very low power consumption when the gate is kept stable in the 1 or 0 state. However, there are logic families that use forward active mode for the output transistors in both 1 and 0 states. For example, ECL (emitter-coupled logic). The benefit of this is that the logic ...Apr 12, 2012 · The BJT is formed by two p-n junction (either npn or pnp ), so at a first glance it's symmetrical. But both the concentration of dopant and the size of the regions (and more important: the area of the junctions) is different for the three regions. So it simply won't work at the full potential. (like using a reversed lever) Bipolar junction transistor is classified into two types namely PNP and NPN based on types of doping of the terminals. In NPN transistor, two semiconductor junctions are there which have a thin anode region doped with ‘P’ whereas PNP transistor includes two semiconductor junctions that include a thin cathode region doped with ‘N’. ... In the cut …A transistor is basically a diode where you can modulate the saturation current by injecting carriers. The knee in the NPN chars is the 'knee' in the origin of the diode chars. Do not be misled by the breakdown at Vbd, that one is not shown in your BJT chars. \$\endgroup\$ –Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) Theory - A Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) is a three-terminal device which consists of two pn-junctions formed by sandwiching either p-type or n-type semiconductor material between a pair of opposite type semiconductors.The primary function of BJT is to increase the strength of a weak signal, …Initially it will rise quite linearly, being in the ohmic or linear region, but it will eventually flatten out and despite raising further the current through the MOSFET will stay the same. As regards the definition of saturation, I …Sep 2, 2019 · SATURATION REGION (FULLY ON) A transistor is said to be saturated (Fully ON) when it is biased in such a way that current passes from the Emitter (E) to the Collector (C). In NPN and PNP bipolar junction transistors (BJTs), connecting the base (B) to the collector (C) makes the PN-junction from the base (B) to the emitter (E) to be forward bias. In this region the transistor can be an amplifier. Saturation region: The transistor is on. The collector current varies very little with a change in the base ...BJT in Saturation Mode. In the circuit shown above, Vcc=12 V, Vs= 2V, Rc= 4kΩ and Rs= 100kΩ. The Ge transistor is characterized ß=50, Iceo=0 and Vce (sat)= 0.2V. Find the value of Rb that just results in saturation if. (a) the capacitor is present, and (b) the capacitor is replaced with a short circuit.The region to the left of the knee is the saturation region. For switching applications, the BJT is most like a closed switch when it is in the saturation ...• Bi lBipolar JtiJunction TitTransistor (BJT) (C t’d)(Cont’d) – BJT operation in saturation mode –PNP BJT – Examples of small signal models Reading: Chapter 4.5‐4.6 EE105 Spring 2008 Lecture 4, Slide 1Prof. Wu, UC Berkeley Bipolar Transistor in Saturation EE105 Spring 2008 Lecture 4, Slide 2Prof. Wu, UC BerkeleyForward-active region is correct. Lecture 10: BJT Physics 16 Simplified Circuit Mode Saturation Region • In the saturation region, both junctions are forward-biased, and the transistor operates with a small voltage between collector and emitter. v CESAT is the saturation voltage for the npn BJT. No simplified expressions exist for A question about Vce of an NPN BJT in saturation region. Below is an NPN transistor symbol and the voltages at its terminals are Vb, Vc and Ve with respect to the ground: I read that: during the saturation the Vce = (Vc-Ve) settles to around 0.2V and the further increase in base current will not make Vce zero.The transistor behaves as an ON switch. So for using the transistor as a switch we should make sure that the applied base current must be sufficiently high to keep the transistor in the saturation region, for a collector current. So, from the above explanation, we can conclude that bipolar junction transistor behaves as a switch only when it is ...Some causes of low iron saturation include chronic iron deficiency, uremia, nephrotic syndrome and extensive cancer, according to Medscape. Dietary causes of low iron deficiency include not incorporating enough foods containing iron into th...Example: A BJT Circuit in Saturation Determine all currents for the BJT in the circuit below. 10.7 V 10.0 K Hey! I remember this circuit, its just like a previous example. The BJT is in …When both junctions are forward-biased, the transistor is in the saturation region of its operation. As VCC is increased, VCE increases gradually as the ...In saturation the BJT, loosely speaking it looks like a switch between collector and emitter. Slightly more complete model is a small mV level voltage source with low series resistance. So when the NPN is behaving as a switch (saturated) it is the circuit around it that dictates what current will flow, in your case R1.Aug 27, 2016 · 14. There is a precise definition and a sloppy one for saturation. I'll start with the precise one. That's pretty much it. The saturation region is precisely defined here. The sloppy one comes about because the practical behavior of different parameters of the BJT don't all neatly fall so perfectly on those lines. In order to keep BJT at least in soft saturation region, the collector voltage must not fall below the base voltage by more than 400mV. A linear relationship can be derived for V and R and CC C an acceptable region can be chosen. Deep Saturation Bjt Explanation Saturation. Yes, this is correct. The electric field of the depletion region (between the two junctions) can accelerate the charge carriers in the same direction as the diffusion current, and this current will be the collector-emitter current. Jan 26, 2021. #1.Jun 16, 2017 · Additional most BJT's vendors define saturation region when Ic/Ib = 10 (called Forced Beta). And the most data-sheet show Vce_sat for Ic/Ib = 10. So, to be one hundred percent sure that your BJT will be in saturation region you must use this so-called forced beta technique when choosing base resistor value. $$\frac{I_C}{I_B} = 10$$ Saturation region. In this region, MOSFET is on, and current passes from drain to source. It is done by providing a voltage that is larger than the threshold voltage. The on-resistance (RDS(on)) of the MOSFET transistor in saturation regions is low so it can operate with larger current with fewer voltage losses. Using a MOSFET as a switch• Bi lBipolar JtiJunction TitTransistor (BJT) (C t’d)(Cont’d) – BJT operation in saturation mode –PNP BJT – Examples of small signal models Reading: Chapter 4.5‐4.6 EE105 Spring 2008 Lecture 4, Slide 1Prof. Wu, UC Berkeley Bipolar Transistor in Saturation EE105 Spring 2008 Lecture 4, Slide 2Prof. Wu, UC Berkeley(c) Minority carrier distribution in the base region. Fig. 4.26 Operation of a p-n-p BJT in saturation region. As IB is increased from 20 µA to. 40 µA. the ...Structure of Bipolar Junction Transistor A bipolar junction transistor, BJT, is a single piece of silicon with two back-to-back P-N junctions.BJTs can be made either as PNP or as NPN. ... Saturation Region: Base-emitter junction is forward biased and Collector-base junction is forward biased. Active Region: Base-emitter is junction forward biased and …Oct 10, 2023 · Introduction to Bipolar Junction Transistors. The Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) is a device made of three layers of semiconductor material; these layers can be either P-type or N-type. The pins of a BJT are named base, collector, and emitter. Each pin is connected to one of these layers. There are two different types of BJTs known as PNP ... BJT characteristic curve IC + IB + VCE VBE - - IE E The characteristics of each region of operation are summarized below. cutoff region: B-E junction is reverse biased. No …A transistor is basically a diode where you can modulate the saturation current by injecting carriers. The knee in the NPN chars is the 'knee' in the origin of the diode chars. Do not be misled by the breakdown at Vbd, that one is not shown in your BJT chars. \$\endgroup\$ –The Quasi saturation region is available only in Power transistor characteristic not in signal transistors. It is because of the lightly doped collector drift ...The Bipolar Junction Transistor is a semiconductor device which can be used for switching or amplification. Unlike semiconductor diodes which are made up from two pieces of semiconductor material to form one simple pn-junction. The bipolar transistor uses one more layer of semiconductor material to produce a device with properties and ...The Canadian capital is one of the world's preeminent art cities. What other surprises will you find here? THOUGH MODEST IN SIZE, Ottawa is brimming with homegrown artistic talent. Art galleries saturate Canada’s capital region, while the N...
BJT in Saturation Region – Example 1. Here even though I. B is still 40 µA ... BJT in Saturation Region – Example 2. In the CE Transistor circuit shown earlier .... Health quest employee
For best operation of a BJT, which region must the operating point be set at? a) Active region b) Cutoff region c) Saturation region d) Reverse active region ... Explanation: To obtain an approximate answer, under saturation the BJT is ON and hence acts as a short circuit. However, ideally a drop exists for the transistor which is a fixed value. For an …Example: Acceptable VCC Region EE105Spring2008 Lecture4,Slide5Prof.Wu,UC Berkeley • In order to keep BJT at least in soft saturation region, the collector voltage must not fall below the base voltage by more than 400mV. • A linear relationship can be derived for VCC and RC and an acceptable region can be chosen. VIRV mVCC C C BE≥+−(400)When both junctions are forward-biased, the transistor is in the saturation region of its operation. As VCC is increased, VCE increases gradually as the ...VB = 4.78V V B = 4.78 V. The load line for the circuit in Example 5.4.1 5.4. 1 is shown in Figure 5.4.4 5.4. 4. Figure 5.4.4 5.4. 4: DC load line for the circuit of Figure 5.4.3 5.4. 3. Once again the proportions …Below is NPN BJT transistor Vbe Ic characteristics and the formula: Many texts approximate this equation as: Ic = Is*e^ ... What part of Ebers-Moll equation shows the decrease of the collector current in saturation region. 0. Question about Vbe and operation regions of BJT. 1.The Bipolar Junction Transistor is a semiconductor device which can be used for switching or amplification. Unlike semiconductor diodes which are made up from two pieces of semiconductor material to form one simple pn-junction. The bipolar transistor uses one more layer of semiconductor material to produce a device with properties and ... For best operation of a BJT, which region must the operating point be set at? a) Active region b) Cutoff region c) Saturation region d) Reverse active region ... Explanation: To obtain an approximate answer, under saturation the BJT is ON and hence acts as a short circuit. However, ideally a drop exists for the transistor which is a fixed value. For an …٠١/٠٦/٢٠٢٣ ... ... region which are cut- off region, active region, and saturation region. Figure Q2(a) shows a BJT circuit. (i) Briefly describe the ...Saturation Region of BJT TransistorThe saturation region is one of the operating modes of a bipolar junction transistor (BJT). In this mode, the transistor is fully turned on, and the collector-emitter voltage (VCE) is reduced to a minimum value. The collector current (IC) in the saturation region is independent of the collector-emitter voltage and is mainly …Saturation Region: In saturation region, both of the junctions of the BJT are in forward bias. This region is used for the ON-state of a switch where; i c = i sat. I sat is the saturation current & it is the maximum amount of current flowing between emitter and collector when BJT is in saturation region. Since both junctions are in forward bias ... A Bipolar Junction Transistor is a three-layer semiconductor device, consisting of two pn-junctions. ... Saturation and Cut-off Regions: BJTs operate in either the saturation region (fully on) or ...This is known as the saturation voltage, or Vce(sat) * Ib > 0, and Ic > 0 * Vbe >= 0.7V Using the two states of cutoff and saturation, the transistor may be used as a switch. The col- ... The final region of operation of the BJT is the "forward active" region. It is in this region that the transistor can act as a fairly linear amplifier ...18. Saturation simply means that an increase in base current results in no (or very little) increase in collector current. Saturation occurs when both the B-E and C-B junctions are forward biased, it's the low-resistance "On" state of the device..
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